The EU's ties with China rank just behind its transatlantic ones in significance. With China being a major trading partner, the focus has long been on economic opportunities. In recent years, there...
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With the March 2022 Strategic Compass, the EU “set out a common strategic vision and concrete objectives for strengthening the EU's security and defence policy by 2030.” The Compass noted the...
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The second Trump administration has undertaken a peace deal with Russia. This policy may not simply reflect Donald Trump’s personal affinity for Moscow and deal-making style but is also likely...
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The Black Sea region has gained renewed strategic importance for the European Union following Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine. As an area of considerable economic and geopolitical...
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Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), established by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007, was intended to create a framework for the most willing and able Member States (MS) to cooperate on defence...
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Discussions on international development assistance tend to contemplate the role of colonial legacies and the power imbalances between donors and recipients. Russian humanitarian aid and development...
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Development cooperation is a tool of soft power for states that enables them to promote their values, build relationships with partner states, and reduce global poverty. Since development cooperation...
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Deterrence is once more at the centre of discussions on national security. Faced with larger revisionist neighbours driven by aggressive foreign policies, Taiwan and states in the Nordic-Baltic...
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EU enlargement usually happens in fits and starts. Currently, there is an important new dynamic in the EU’s enlargement policy. Driven by geopolitical forces, the risk is that it will soon come to...
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From the start of the war in 2014 until 2019, around 3 000 Russians were known to fight on Kyiv’s side. By 2024, the number had at least tripled, with the rebirth of the original dissident...
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