Kenya’s foreign policy towards Europe is largely motivated by the need to promote its national interests through trade and investment, as reflected in its 2014 Foreign Policy document (revised...
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Development cooperation is a tool of soft power for states that enables them to promote their values, build relationships with partner states, and reduce global poverty. Since development cooperation...
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Russia's war in Ukraine shows few signs of ending. Across Europe, there is a widely held view that the outcome of the war will be critically important to determining the continent's future security:...
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The return of great power competition and the weakening of the international order have produced significant threats to Europe's security. Most urgently, Russia's aggression has brought large-scale...
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Europeanisation is necessary to sustain NATO’s deterrence of Russia at a time when US leadership is agnostic at best and failing at worst. The task is neither impossible, nor quick, nor easy....
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The NATO Summit in The Hague will mark the two-year anniversary of the adoption of a new generation of regional defence plans, widely regarded as one of the most significant enhancements to NATO´s...
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At their 2024 Summit in Washington, NATO leaders reiterated that Russia “remains the most significant and direct threat” and that “the possibility of an attack against Allies’ sovereignty and...
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In 2014, the NATO Allies agreed that within a decade, they would spend at least 2% of their GDP on defence. Following Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea and war in the Donbas, and its full-scale...
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The perception that the US has turned its back on or is in the process of separating from Europe and continental defence and security is certainly understandable. Naturally, there is a focus on the...
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When NATO heads of state and government meet in The Hague on 24 and 25 June, there will be much to talk about. Building consensus around NATO’s new capability targets has sometimes been...
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