France’s independent nuclear deterrence has been the main pillar of its defence strategy for sixty years. The French nuclear policy, as well as its European and allied dimensions, however, tends to be misunderstood abroad, including by those who rely on French military involvement in the pursuit of their national security goals.
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With Russia’s barbaric invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, major conventional war returned to Europe in a manner unseen since the two world wars and the end of the Cold War—three occasions during the 20th century when the borders, norms, institutions, and balance of power ordering interstate relations on the continent and beyond experienced an unparalleled upheaval.
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After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Central Asian leaders will be looking nervously over their shoulders. They may well re-orient their military cooperation towards China instead.
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Has Germany’s foreign policy undergone a fundamental and permanent shift? The answer might be found in six tests.
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In the next few months Finland and Sweden will likely become the 31st and 32nd members of NATO. What kind of Allies will they be, and what will this mean for the security of the Nordic-Baltic region?
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Although for some years, the Sumy State University had developed a theoretical grasp of the subject, it was not until 24 February 2022 – when Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine – that I had my first real-life encounter with resilience.
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Crisis management is one of NATO’s core tasks, alongside collective defence and cooperative security. NATO’s new Strategic Concept, which is currently being developed as a replacement for the previous document adopted in 2010, is likely to place an even greater focus on the issue.
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