“In this day and age, you could argue that information warfare is more significant than actual military operations,” says Matthew Bryza, a former US diplomat now working for the Estonia-based International Centre for Defence Studies.
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OSCE seems to not be ready to adopt more advanced confidence building measures. Closer cooperation will be more likely within smaller like-minded groups or geographically close states. The electricity and telecommunications sectors urgently need a close public-private partnership and enhanced intergovernmental collaboration to reduce vulnerabilities stemming from cross-border and cross-sector dependencies including agreements on common minimum security standards.
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The critical infrastructure and essential services on which modern economies depend rely increasingly on information and communication technologies (ICT). Most global, transatlantic and regional international organisations (UN, NATO, the EU, G8, OSCE, OECD, ITU, ICANN, AU, ASEAN, OAS, etc.) have developed policies and instruments to address the growing sophistication of cyber attacks against critical infrastructures and services. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the approaches of NATO and the EU to cyber security.
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Ukraine needs tangible assistance from the West to confront current threats. In cyber space this will entail projects in three areas: cyber defence skills and capabilities development; cyber security policy, legislation and strategy development; and material and technical assistance.
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With hybrid warfare, nation-states seem to prefer to outsource both kinetic and cyber attacks to non-state proxies in order to disclaim any responsibility. However, Russia’s ongoing military offensive in Ukraine shows that for more sophisticated kinetic operations, regular forces are apparently preferred to militias to avoid collateral damage, among other reasons. The same seems to be true in cyberspace – when stakes are higher, professionals are preferred over amateurs.
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Estonia is a perfect location for NATO’s cyber education and training. The location of Alliance’s cyber training field in Estonia sends a clear signal that NATO takes seriously its role in defending both against kinetic and cyber attacks alike.
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It might be a matter of time when more advanced cyber weapons will be used by states. Providing greater support to build-up the civilian and military cyber security/defence capabilities of the Eastern partners is therefore timely and advantageous for the West. Against this background the EU should now come up with a support package for these cyber security aspects that were uncovered by NATO’s package.
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In lieu of tolerating a certain degree of cyber insecurity, bold policymakers might adopt ambitious goals to substantively eliminate cyber-insecurity in their countries.
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Partnership with the private sector provides opportunities to minimise the economic impact of cyber attacks
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For the last five years, Estonia has been implementing its 2008 -2013 Cyber Security Strategy. In light of the fact that the government expects to endorse a replacement document by the end of this year, it is important at this point to assess how Estonia has performed in its efforts to foster cyber security at home and globally.
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